This illustration, “Raising the American Flag over Fort Santiago, Manila, on the Evening of August 13, 1898,” comes from Harper’s Pictorial History of the War in Spain. It depicts the Baluartillo de San Francisco Javier inside Fort Santiago, built to defend the fort from attacks via Manila Bay. On that day, the American flag was raised over the Baluartillo, marking a pivotal moment in Philippine history. Severely damaged during the 1945 Battle of Manila, the bulwark was restored in the 1950s. In