Nerd Ralph loves cheap and dirty hacks, and for that we applaud him. His latest endeavor is a LiFePO4 battery charger that he made out of parts he had on hand for under $0.50 US. (Although we think he ...

In this part, we go to greater depths to look at TL431 dynamics. Adjust your air regulator for the deeper dive. What is seen in the data sheet plots of gain and output resistance for some ...

The TL431 is a well-known voltage reference integrated circuit used in Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) feedback loops. Combining a reference voltage and an open ...

Many electronics circuits begin operation at voltages below 1.25 V. But popular adjustable regulators such as the LM317, LM350, and LM338 can provide output voltages only above 1.25 V, and the L200 ...

The three-terminal TL431 voltage regulator is commonly found in switching power converters and instrumentation as a voltage reference. It is seemingly simple, yet has subtleties, including missing ...