Directional-control valves are common in pneumatic systems. They control compressed-air flow to cylinders, rotary actuators, grippers, and other mechanisms in packaging, handling, assembly, and ...

Getting a valve out of a vehicle isn’t too hard – it’s putting the new one in that requires more care. A typical commercial vehicle air braking system requires, at minimum, around a dozen core ...

Too often, pneumatic circuits are sized based on the valve’s flow coefficient, C v, without considering other system components. In the past, focusing on the valve alone often sufficed because air was ...